Company Overview
NIO Inc. ($NIO), founded by William Li in 2014, is a Chinese multinational high-end automobile manufacturer based in Shanghai, specializing in designing and developing electric vehicles. As a prominent player in the EV market, NIO is known for its innovative products and business models. The company’s mission is to shape a joyful lifestyle by offering premium smart electric vehicles and positioning itself as more than just a car manufacturer. NIO’s products emphasize high performance, cutting-edge technology and innovation, providing a long-term advantage over competitors once consumers begin to seek quality and luxury in the growing EV sector. However, with current sentiment and demand for electric vehicles having declined and remained stagnant, NIO faces short-term financial pressure as its operating costs has continued to climb over the past years in order to sustain its quality products.
One of NIO’s unique offerings is the Battery as a Service (BaaS) model. This model allows customers to subscribe to a battery rental service instead of purchasing the battery with the car, reducing the initial purchase cost and offering flexibility. This differentiates NIO in the competitive EV market by addressing one of the primary concerns of EV buyers which is battery life and cost. Currently, NIO operates approximately 2,400 battery swap stations in China and plans to add an additional 1,000 by year-end. In Europe, there are only around 43 stations, but despite some challenges, there are plans to expand across the EU in the coming years.
This analysis explores NIO’s business, fundamentals, valuation and a brief look into its steep decline since its peak in 2021.
Current Valuation
As of October 2024 NIO has a market cap of $14.23 Billion, significantly down from its peak of $96.57 Billion in January 2021. This valuation reflects the market’s assessment of NIO’s financial performance, future growth potential and the various risks associated with the company. The valuation has fluctuated significantly, highlighting the volatility and challenges the company has faced during its growth phase.
A Sharp Decline in Share Price Since it’s All-Time-High in 2021
The broader market for growth stocks, particularly in the tech and EV sectors, experienced a downturn as investors shifted towards value stocks amidst rising interest rates and inflation concerns. This shift was driven by a more cautious approach towards high-growth, high-valuation companies. Consequently, NIO’s share price, like many in the sector, was adversely affected.
For most of 2021 and 2022, NIO’s production capabilities were also impacted by the global semiconductor shortage, which affected the entire automotive industry. This shortage led to significant delays in the manufacturing and delivery of vehicles. As of recent, this crisis appears to have been resolved.
Increased competition from other EV manufacturers such as Tesla and BYD ($01211.HK), along with traditional automakers entering the EV space, intensified the market pressures on NIO. These competitors not only introduced price cuts but also showcased better financial performance, which pressured NIO’s market share and growth prospects.
Additionally, the European Union’s tariffs of 20.8%, added on top of the 10% import duty, placed further pressure on NIO’s expansion. These tariffs increased the cost of NIO’s vehicles in the European market, making them less competitive compared to locally produced alternatives.
Financial Performance
NIO ($NIO) began delivering its first vehicles in 2018 and saw significant growth in deliveries from 2018 to 2023. In 2021, deliveries peaked at over 91,000 vehicles, however, growth has slowed recently with only a 31% growth rate in 2023 compared to 113% in 2020. Financially, the company has struggled to match some of its competitors, like Tesla ($TSLA) and BYD ($01211.HK), which have managed to recover over the past few years and maintain stable revenue growth and profitability despite a challenging macroeconomic environment and weak investor sentiment towards the EV sector. Over the years, NIO’s heavy investments in R&D and service network expansion have increased costs, thus impacting profitability.
Based on historical financial reports and stock price, NIO’s Earnings Per Share (EPS) is -$1.80 and its price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio is currently -2.47. At a share price of $4.46, this suggests that the stock is overvalued and also indicates that the company has been operating at significant losses. As a result, investors are not receiving a return on investment. However, as with most startup companies, this challenging phase is standard and the focus should be placed on projected figures and potential growth based on industry standard growth rates.
NIO Vehicle Deliveries
| Metric | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
| Deliveries | 11,348 | 20,565 | 43,728 | 91,429 | 122,486 | 160,036 |
| Growth | 81% | 113% | 109% | 34% | 31% |
DATA SOURCE: NIO. *DELIVERIES STARTED IN 2018.
| NIO | Annual Net Income (Millions of US $) | Annual Revenue (Millions of US $) |
Tesla | Annual Net Income (Millions of US $) | Annual Revenue (Millions of US $) | |
| 2023 | -$2,978 | $7,834 | 2023 | $14,999 | $96,773 | |
| 2022 | -$2,111 | $7,143 | 2022 | $12,583 | $81,462 | |
| 2021 | -$1,659 | $5,671 | 2021 | $5,524 | $53,823 | |
| 2020 | -$860 | $2,492 | 2020 | $690 | $31,536 | |
| 2019 | -$1,639 | $1,124 | 2019 | -$862 | $24,578 | |
| 2018 | -$3,393 | $720 | 2018 | -$976 | $21,461 |
DATA SOURCE: macrotrends.net
NIO’s shares outstanding have steadily increased over the years, reflecting its efforts to raise capital for growth. In 2021, shares rose by 32.98% to 1.57 billion, driven by the need to fund expansion in the EV market. This growth slowed in 2022 and 2023, with increases of 4.09% and 3.86%, respectively. However, by Q1 2024, shares outstanding jumped by 23.94% to 2.04 billion, indicating significant capital raising, likely for new projects or to strengthen its financial position.
| NIO Shares Outstanding | Billions of US $ | Percentage Increase |
| 2021 | $1.57 | 32.98% |
| 2022 | $1.64 | 4.09% |
| 2023 | $1.70 | 3.86% |
| 2024 (Q1) | $2.04 | 23.94% |
DATA SOURCE: macrotrends.net
NIO’s Book Value Per Share has steadily declined from $3.32 in 2021 to $1.37 in Q1 2024. This decrease indicates that the company’s net asset value per share has been shrinking over time, which could suggest increasing liabilities or challenges in maintaining its equity base. This decline could
reflect the company’s struggle to generate sufficient returns on its assets. However, while a declining book value per share can raise concerns, it is not unusual for startups, particularly those in growth phases.
| Book Value per Share | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | 2024 (Q1) |
| NIO | $3.32 | $2.10 | $1.76 | $1.37 |
| BYD | $11.10 | $12.39 | $13.36 | $13.65 |
DATA SOURCE: macrotrends.net
Potential Value
NIO’s total revenues for Q1 2024 were $1.372 billion, a decrease of 7.2% from the same period in 2023. Vehicle sales were $1.161 billion, also marking a decrease of 9.1% YoY due to a lower average selling price and decreased delivery volume.
NIO’s gross profit for the first quarter reached $67.6 million, marking a 200.5% YoY, while its gross margin improved to 4.9% from 1.5% in the previous year. The vehicle margin also saw a positive shift, rising to 9.2% from 5.1%, reflecting reduced material costs per unit. Operating expenses experienced significant changes with R&D expenses decreasing by 6.9% YoY to $396.7 million, driven by lower design and development costs and reduced personnel expenses. However, this reduction in R&D spending could be concerning, as a startup like NIO typically requires substantial investments in research and development to fuel growth and innovation during its critical early stages.
Despite more positive gross profit figures, NIO is still not profitable, with a significant net loss of $696.54 million (44.66%) in Q1 2023 and a net loss of $718.1 million (52.35%) in Q1 2024. This represents a 3.1% increase in net loss amount and a 17.21% increase in net loss percentage YoY.
However, a negative P/E ratio (-2.47) might be seen as an opportunity to buy shares at a lower price with the expectation that the company will eventually become profitable.
Projected Financial Figures (2024-2030)
| Year | Revenue (Billion USD) | Net Income (Billion USD) | EPS (USD) | Market Cap (Billion USD) | Share Price (USD) |
| 2024 | $8.03 – $8.44 | -$2.0 to -$1.5 | -$1.00 to -$0.50 | $10 – $15 | $5.00 – $7.50 |
| 2025 | $8.83 – $9.70 | -$1.8 to -$1.0 | -$0.75 to -$0.25 | $12 – $18 | $6.00 – $9.00 |
| 2026 | $9.71 – $10.75 | -$1.0 to -$0.2 | -$0.50 to $0.00 | $14 – $20 | $7.00 – $10.00 |
| 2027 | $10.68 – $11.97 | -$0.5 to $0.1 | -$0.25 to $0.25 | $15 – $25 | $10.00 – $15.00 |
| 2028 | $11.75 – $13.36 | $0.1 to $0.6 | $0.25 – $0.75 | $20 – $35 | $15.00 – $20.00 |
| 2029 | $12.92 – $14.85 | $0.6 to $1.1 | $0.75 – $1.25 | $25 – $40 | $18.00 – $25.00 |
| 2030 | $14.21 – $16.49 | $1.1 to $1.5 | $1.25 – $1.50 | $30 – $50 | $20.00 – $30.00 |
DATA SOURCE: macrotrends.net
The above figures reflect a potential path towards stabilisation and growth, using standard industry growth rates and assumptions. By applying standard and moderately conservative annual growth rates of 5%-15%, the company’s revenue is expected to increase steadily from $8.03-$8.44 billion in 2024 to $14.21-$16.49 billion by 2030. This approach assumes the successful expansion of product lines and overall market expansion in the EV sector.
Net income projections show a gradual improvement, with the company potentially reducing losses from -$2.0 to -$1.5 billion in 2024 and moving towards profitability with a net income range of $1.1 to $1.5 billion by 2030. Moreover, EPS is forecasted to improve from negative values, beginning at -$1.00 to -$0.50 in 2024, to a more optimistic outlook reaching $1.25 to $1.50 by 2030. These financial improvements are expected to support NIO’s market cap, which is projected to grow from $10-$15 billion in 2024 to $30-$50 billion by 2030, with share prices potentially rising from $5.00-$7.50 to $20.00-$30.00.
While optimistic, these estimates provide a framework for understanding how NIO might develop its financial metrics, based on executing strategic initiatives effectively and navigating the competitive landscape in the electric vehicle market.
Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Initiatives
NIO is deeply committed to sustainable development, social responsibility and strong governance to achieve long-term value for all stakeholders. Environmentally, the company aims for net-zero carbon emissions by reducing its carbon footprint through the use of renewable energy and efficiency improvements. There has been an increase in the use of sustainable and recycled materials in vehicles and the implementation of a battery recycling program to manage the lifecycle of its EV batteries responsibly. This dedication to sustainability highlights NIO’s proactive approach to environmental challenges.
Socially, NIO focuses on employee well-being by providing comprehensive health benefits, continuous learning opportunities and fostering a diverse and inclusive workplace. The company supports various community initiatives, including education programs and charitable activities, which showcase its commitment to community engagement. NIO also prioritises customer satisfaction through innovative services such as its battery-swapping stations and a strong customer service network.
In terms of governance, NIO adheres to high standards of corporate governance, ensuring transparency, accountability and ethical business practices. The company promotes board diversity to enhance decision-making and has vigorous risk management policies to mitigate potential business risk, thus ensuring long-term sustainability. This comprehensive approach to governance underscores NIO’s dedication to ethical and effective management practices.
Growth Potential & Initiatives
NIO, as a growth stock, is considered a high-risk yet potentially high-reward investment. The company is actively expanding its presence beyond China, particularly focusing on entering the European market. This international expansion could open up new revenue streams and diversify its market base, although NIO will need to navigate pricing challenges due to EU tariffs.
Strategic initiatives such as the introduction of the 2024 ET7 Executive Edition and the new smart electric vehicle brand ONVO aim to enhance NIO’s competitiveness and expand its market presence. NIO’s investment in its power and service network, including strategic partnerships with seven other automakers in China to promote battery swapping technologies, demonstrates its commitment to long-term growth.
Driven by increasing environmental concerns, the demand for electric vehicles has grown over the years, positively impacting NIO’s growth potential. The company’s focus on innovative solutions and market expansion positions it well to capitalise on this growing demand.
China’s New Stimulus: A Potential Catalyst for NIO
The Chinese government’s latest stimulus measures could provide a much-needed boost for NIO at a critical time. With new subsidies aimed at reducing the upfront cost of EVs, NIO is poised to capitalise on renewed consumer interest. Lower prices may draw more buyers, increasing demand in a market where every sale counts.
In addition to consumer-focused incentives, the government is also investing heavily in EV infrastructure, including the expansion of charging stations and battery-swapping networks. This aligns perfectly with NIO’s BaaS model, which provides greater convenience and cost savings for EV owners. By making EV ownership more accessible, the stimulus could be a game-changer for NIO.
As the Chinese economy stabilises and consumer confidence grows, NIO is positioned to benefit from these favourable conditions. The company’s strategic focus on innovation and sustainability, combined with government support, could help it regain momentum, both in China and internationally.
Risk Factors
Investing in NIO involves various risks that investors must consider. The EV sector is currently experiencing high volatility, with significant fluctuations in stock prices. Investor sentiment is currently low, requiring time to recover. Intense competition from existing and new players puts significant pressure on NIO to deliver high-quality products at competitive prices.
Navigating increased regulatory scrutiny and EU tariffs is crucial for ensuring smooth expansion. NIO will need to develop strategies to mitigate the impact of these tariffs on its bottom line before it can effectively expand throughout Europe and beyond. Additionally, the company’s ability to turn a profit and reduce its debt will significantly impact its long-term valuation.
Although the semiconductor shortage has largely been resolved, it remains a potential risk for the automobile industry if it resurfaces in the future. NIO must consider what they have learned from this experience and develop a strategy to manage similar challenges in the future.
Furthermore, the company’s profitability and financial performance overall will continue to pose a risk to its valuation, which will, in turn, affect investors’ return on investment. This highlights the importance of maintaining financial stability and strategic planning for sustainable growth.
Conclusion
NIO stands as a bold player in the fiercely competitive EV market, offering both exciting growth potential and undeniable risks. Its innovations and ambitious expansion into Europe are promising, but the company’s financial hurdles – like declining book value and persistent losses – are typical for a startup in its growth phase.
However, recent Chinese government stimulus measures aimed at boosting the sector could be a significant catalyst for NIO. Subsidies and infrastructure investments will likely drive demand for NIO’s vehicles, lowering purchase barriers for consumers and enhancing the adoption of its BaaS model. This added support strengthens NIO’s growth prospects, particularly in its domestic market.
While NIO’s commitment to sustainability and the rising global demand for EVs are strong advantages, investors need to remember that startups often burn through cash before turning a profit. Navigating stiff competition and regulatory challenges will be key to its success. In short, NIO offers a high-risk, high-reward opportunity – one for those who don’t mind a little turbulence on the road to potential returns.